{"id":31978,"date":"2020-04-30T16:51:30","date_gmt":"2020-04-30T14:51:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nutrex.eu\/insights\/endotoxins-inducers-of-inflammation\/"},"modified":"2025-10-20T09:52:52","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T07:52:52","slug":"endotoxins-inducers-of-inflammation","status":"publish","type":"insights","link":"https:\/\/www.nutrex.eu\/en-eu\/insights\/endotoxins-inducers-of-inflammation\/","title":{"rendered":"Endotoxins: Inducers of inflammation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Endotoxins: Inducers of inflammation<\/h1>\t\t\t\t\t\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n
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Maximizing energy and nutrient partitioning toward production processes is key for economically profitable livestock farming. Inflammation is characterized by a decreased production, an inefficient feed utilization, a poor reproduction and increased health care costs. An important source of inflammation are endotoxins<\/a> or lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Production animals are continuously exposed to endotoxins throughout their life cycle. Moreover, the presence of these toxins has been suggested to be associated with multiple metabolic disorders. Therefore, it is essential to develop an effective strategy for eliminating the detrimental impact of endotoxins to reduce economic losses for farmers.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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The high cost of inflammation<\/h4>\n \n
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Endotoxins are recognized by Toll-like receptors (TLR), typically TLR4, leading to the activation of the immune system. The recognition of endotoxins by their respective TLR initiates signalling pathways, which results in the translocation of the transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-\u03baB), into the nucleus, which increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines help to initiate an acute phase protein (APP) response by the liver.<\/p>\n

An activated immune system needs a larger amount of energy and nutrients than a resting immune system. To meet this need, energy and nutrients are diverted from production purposes (e.g. synthesis of skeletal muscle, milk and eggs and development of foetuses) to support the immune response. Moreover, pro-inflammatory cytokines suppress appetite resulting in a reduced nutrient uptake for production purposes.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n

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Metabolic cost: Energy<\/h3>\n \n \n

Resting immune cells oxidize pyruvate (derived from glucose), along with lipids and amino acids, through the TCA cycle to efficiently produce energy (ATP) required for the survival of immune cells.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n\t\t\t\t\t

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During inflammation, immune cells become substantial and obligate glucose consumers to support the energetic needs for activation. Therefore, they switch their metabolic needs from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis for a fast generation of ATP. This switch in metabolism requires high amounts of glucose, leading to less available energy for growth and production.<\/p>\n<\/span>\n \n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Energy metabolism of a resting immune cell.<\/figcaption>\n <\/figure>\n <\/div>\n
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Energy metabolism of an activated immune cell.<\/figcaption>\n <\/figure>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
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Modification to the protein metabolism due to inflammation.<\/figcaption>\n <\/figure>\n <\/div>\n \n \n
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Metabolic cost: Protein<\/h3>\n \n

Inflammation and immune system activation are associated with modifications of protein and amino acid metabolism. This is due to an increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1 (IL-1), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor \u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), which are known to be involved in protein metabolism regulation. During inflammation, amino acids are used for the synthesis of inflammatory and immune proteins, to support cell proliferation, and for the synthesis of other compounds important for body defense functions.<\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

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Combat endotoxin-induced inflammation<\/h4>\n \n
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Endotoxins are inflammation inducers and are a costly affair. It is therefore imperative that the amount and toxicity of endotoxins in the GIT and the leakage of endotoxins across the GIT is minimized. EndoBan is a unique product that combines different strategies to remove and detoxify endotoxins in the GIT before they can cause energy-consuming inflammation.<\/p>\n

References are available upon request.<\/em><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Endotoxins, also known as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are potent inflammatory mediators derived from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Upon release into the gastrointestinal lumen or systemic circulation, these molecules are recognized by pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), which initiate strong innate immune responses in livestock. While this activation is essential for pathogen defense, excessive or chronic stimulation can have detrimental physiological consequences.<\/p>\n

The inflammatory cascade triggered by LPS involves the release of cytokines, acute-phase proteins, and reactive oxygen species, which collectively impose significant metabolic costs on the host. Energy and nutrients are diverted from productive functions, such as growth, lactation, and reproduction, toward sustaining the immune response. This metabolic shift, often described as the \u201ccost of inflammation,\u201d reduces feed efficiency and overall performance.<\/p>\n

Prolonged endotoxin-induced inflammation disrupts intestinal structure and function, leading to impaired barrier integrity, increased permeability, and reduced nutrient absorption. These pathophysiological changes not only compromise animal health and welfare but also result in measurable declines in productivity and profitability in intensive livestock systems. Effective management of endotoxin exposure and modulation of inflammatory responses are therefore key to maintaining optimal gut health and performance.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":31979,"template":"","category_product":[2857,3086],"insight_categories":[],"solutions":[2897,2901,2896,3006,2898,2899,2900],"spiecies":[2853,2854,2855,2856],"class_list":["post-31978","insights","type-insights","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category_product-endotoxin-reducers-en-eu","category_product-toxin-reducers-en-eu","solutions-antibiotic-reduction-en-eu","solutions-egg-production-quality-en-eu","solutions-gut-health-en-eu","solutions-meat-production-quality-en-eu","solutions-milk-production-quality-en-eu","solutions-rumen-health-en-eu","solutions-toxin-management-en-eu","spiecies-aquaculture","spiecies-poultry","spiecies-ruminants","spiecies-swine"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nEndotoxins: Hidden inflammation triggers diverting vital nutrients from your livestock | Nutrex 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